A team of American researchers has developed a fabric-based solution that can help buildings retain heat, potentially reducing energy use and lowering heating bills.
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The approach uses a photothermal dye applied to simple materials, allowing exterior panels to absorb sunlight and keep interiors warmer.
The system, created by researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, works like a thermal layer for buildings.
When placed on outside walls, the panels can raise indoor temperatures by up to 8.64°F over a day, based on modeling results.
Heating buildings remains a major contributor to energy consumption and emissions. In the United States alone, residential and commercial buildings account for a large share of total energy use, while millions of households struggle to afford heating.
Instead of relying on costly renovations like new insulation or windows, the researchers focused on a low-cost, add-on solution that can be used even by renters.
The idea draws inspiration from clothing. "When you are cold, you put on a sweater," says Carolina Aragón. "So we started thinking: what would you do if you are a building?"
The team initially explored a blanket-like covering but eventually designed removable panels that can be attached to exterior walls. These panels are coated with a photothermal dye that captures and converts sunlight into heat.
"We can put this dye on anything," says Trisha Andrew. "It does not have to be on an expensive fabric." The team tested the concept using durable umbrella fabric, keeping costs low while maintaining performance.
Modeling results suggest the approach could reduce heating energy use by up to 15 percent in residential buildings and as much as 23 percent in larger apartment blocks. Traditional retrofit methods often deliver far smaller gains.
The technology could also address broader social challenges. Many renters are unable to make permanent upgrades to their homes, while renovations can sometimes lead to higher rents.
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